He once said of his own work "If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.". Halley even paid for the book's publication. He wrote his thoughts down in the Principia at the urging of his friend (and famous astronomer) Edmond Halley. Legend has it that Newton got his inspiration for gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree on his farm. He studied many classic philosophers and astronomers such as Aristotle, Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, and Galileo. Today, he is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time alongside greats such as Albert Einstein, Aristotle, and Galileo. Nearly all of the major telescopes used in astronomy today are reflecting telescopes. This type of telescope uses mirrors to reflect light and form an image. Reflecting Telescope - In 1668 Newton invented the reflecting telescope. Calculus - Newton invented a whole new type of mathematics which he called "fluxions." Today we call this math calculus and it is an important type of math used in advanced engineering and science. Laws of Motion - Newton's laws of motion were three fundamental laws of physics that laid the foundation for classical mechanics. This theory is known today as Newton's law of universal gravitation. Outlined in the Principia, his theory about gravity helped to explain the movements of the planets and the Sun. Gravity - Newton is probably most famous for discovering gravity. Here is a list of some of the most important and famous ones. Isaac Newton made many scientific discoveries and inventions throughout his career. It not only introduced the theory of gravity, but defined the principals of modern physics. This work would go down as one of the most important works in the history of science. In this work he described the three laws of motion as well as the law of universal gravity. In 1687 Newton published his most important work called the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (which means "Mathematical principals of Natural Philosophy"). He was elected President of the Royal Society in 1703 and was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705. He took his duties seriously and tried to get rid of corruption as well as to reform the currency of England. In 1696 Newton became the warden of the Royal Mint in London. 
He spent these two years in study and isolation at his home in Woolsthorpe developing his theories on calculus, gravity, and the laws of motion. Isaac had to leave Cambridge from 1665 to 1667 because of the Great Plague. He eventually was elected to represent Cambridge University as a member of parliament. He would spend much of his life at Cambridge, becoming a professor of mathematics and a fellow of the Royal Society (a group of scientists in England).
In 1661, Isaac began to attend college at Cambridge. For the rest of his life he would prefer to work and live alone focused on his writing and his studies. At one point his mother tried to take him out of school so he could help on the farm, but Isaac had no interest in becoming a farmer and was soon back at school. Isaac attended school where he was an adequate student. His mother remarried when Isaac was three years old and left young Isaac in the care of his grandparents. His father, a farmer who was also named Isaac Newton, had died three months before his birth. Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England on January 4, 1643. During his lifetime Newton developed the theory of gravity, the laws of motion (which became the basis for physics), a new type of mathematics called calculus, and made breakthroughs in the area of optics such as the reflecting telescope. Even Albert Einstein said that Isaac Newton was the smartest person that ever lived. Isaac Newton is considered one of the most important scientists in history. Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller Biography:
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